Though Chinese pressure and internal political dynamics have long hindered the development of Japan-Taiwan relations, the two nations have nevertheless been able to build a promising foundation.
The Philippines and Taiwan have expanded their informal relations, but Chinese pressure will necessitate coordination between Manila and Taipei.
Giving young adults financial incentives to start a family, such as child subsidies, could help to reverse Taiwan’s trending towards a demographic disaster.
In order to effectively partner with Taiwan to build resilience, Berlin will need to build better relations with Taipei and upgrade economic cooperation.
Taiwan rapidly adapted to countering foreign influence between the 2018 and 2020 elections but will have to continue to counter illicit influences ahead of 2022.